Blood drugs
Points for Dental Students about blood drugs Common blood drugs are Antiplatelet Drugs, Thrombolytic Agents, Antihyperlipidaemic Agents, Blood Substitutes and Plasma Expanders 1. The most commonly used antiplatelet drug and blood drugs is aspirin. It is used chronically in very low doses (40 to 325 mg per day) to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. It irreversibly decreases platelet [...]
Haematinics – Anaemia is due to deficient numbers of circulating red blood cells or reduction in hemoglobin content per unit of blood volume. Important causes of anaemia are blood loss, nutritional deficiency or complex hereditary deficiencies. Aplastic anaemia occurs due to failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Haematinics or antianaemics are the [...]
Continue reading …Cardiac Glycosides – Some Points in Cardiac Glycosides for Dental Students are discussed in this article. No specific dental modifications are necessary for well-compensated patients with heart failure, unless the underlying causes for the heart failure require modifications. In uncompensated heart failure, it is important to enquire about the patient’s ability to be placed in [...]
Continue reading …Antianginal Drugs – Several considerations need to be addressed when treating dental patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to prevent recurrence of angina or infarction by giving them antianginal drugs. The determination of vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse rate and rhythm prior to dental care is essential. Patients with CAD are at increased [...]
Continue reading …Antihypertensive drugs – Clinically hypertension is persistently raised arterial pressure which is primarily due to increased vascular resistance in the systemic circulation. In due course of time, heart undergoes hypertrophy and subsequently failure because it has to work against a permanently increased after load. If the condition remains untreated and uncontrolled for a long period, [...]
Continue reading …Smooth muscle relaxants act as Vasodilators – These drugs act directly and dilate the blood vessels. Due to this, there occurs fall in blood pressure. Their action is independent of the innervations of the vascular smooth muscle and is not mediated by adrenergic, cholinergic or histaminergic receptors. Hydralazine, indaparnide and xipamide are effective orally whereas [...]
Continue reading …Mechanism of action: Initially diuretics cause slight fall in blood pressure due to increased elimination of sodium and water which reduces blood volume and cardiac output. However, blood volume returns to normal on continuing treatment for 6 to 8 weeks but the anti hypertensive effect persists by a slowly developing reduction in total peripheral vascular [...]
Continue reading …Cardiac Electrophysiology – Heart is a vital organ. It works as a pump to maintain an effective circulation through the blood vessels. The functional integrity of the blood vessels is necessary for circulatory homeostasis. The blood carries oxygen and other nutrients and circulates through various tissues of the body. Cardiac Electrophysiology Cardiac rhythmicity: Automaticity means [...]
Continue reading …There occurs an inward current of Nat ions on activation of Sodium Channel and causes generation of action potential in all the excitable cells of nerves and heart (depolarization of membrane). DDT, aconitine, veratridine, etc. activate Nat channels and in case of heart they induce extrasystoles and cardiac arrhythmias. Many drugs such as local anaesthetics [...]
Continue reading …Potassium Channel – Resting membrane potential is controlled by Kt ions. Membrane hyperpolarization occurs on opening of Kt channels which produce outward flow of Kt because intracellular concentration of Kt is much higher (150 mM) compared to extracellular (4.5 mM). This opposes the opening of voltage-gated Ca++ channels which need depolarization above a certain threshold [...]
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